11-30-09

Monday, November 30, 2009
Dr. D The Law


Atonement Cont.
The tabernacle and its pageantry were pictures/shadows of a greater reality
Zech 3:8-9 “Hear now, O Joshua the high priest, you and your friends who sit before you, for they are men who are a sign: behold, I will bring my servant the Branch. For behold, on the stone that I have set before Joshua, on a single stone with seven eyes, I will engrave its inscription, declares the LORD of hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of this land in a single day.”
(Zechariah 3:8–9 ESV)
This is a shift from the picture to the real.
Heb 8:4-5 “a copy and shadow of the heavenly things”
Heb 9:24
There was always a need for more
Heb 10:1 “For since the law has but a shadow of the good things to come instead of the true form of these realities, it can never, by the same sacrifices that are continually offered every year, make perfect those who draw near.”
(Hebrews 10:1 ESV)
a remnant was being preserved, but the blood of bulls and goats didn’t take away wrath of God. how did this work?
Zech 3:1, 8-9 ““Then he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, and Satan standing at his right hand to accuse him... “Hear now, O Joshua the high priest, you and your friends who sit before you, for they are men who are a sign: behold, I will bring my servant the Branch. For behold, on the stone that I have set before Joshua, on a single stone with seven eyes, I will engrave its inscription, declares the LORD of hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of this land in a single day.”
(Zechariah 3:8–9 ESV)
The writer of the Hebrews has the whole OT as his Bible, and has much of the NT and is reading redemptive historical event through these lenses.
Visions of Zechariah: setup like a ziggurat 8 overall.
God Global Peace for 1/8
Obstacles conquered External/Internal 2,3/6,7
Visions at the Top 4: menorah like an almond branch: Restoration including forgiveness and kingship. These make up the means for having God and Global peace.
haggai and zechariah Now Joshua and Zerubbabel provide images of hope to this returning group: for high priest and for the kingly line to be preserved. Return 536 BCE
450-430 a second return Ezra + Nehemiah
Priests eat defiled meat, they are carrying the sins of the people all year, then day of atonement when the priests don’t eat, and God consumes the whole offering and his wrath is satisfied for the whole year.
Satan recognizes that the sacrifices don’t take away iniquity, and accuses God of being unjust. So God responds that he will remove the iniquity of the land in a single day.
Rom 3:23-26“for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God’s righteousness, because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins. It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus.”
(Romans 3:23–26 ESV)
Propitiation: wrath bearer
Expiation: guilt remover.
Jesus the substitute, both of these are accomplished, this is what happens on the day of atonement.
1st goat: hands never laid on it, just slaughtered. this goat is a pure goat, it isn’t defiled, its blood soaks up all of the defilement of the tabernacle and community through the entire year. All that defilement then the hands are put on...
2nd goat: symbolically sin is placed on this goat, and it is sent into the wilderness, “outside the gate” is where Christ was sacrificed.
All this was to show God’s righteousness: to prove the justice of God. That he had passed over sins, and show that it was ok to forgive abraham, david and so on and so forth. This is what Zech. is anticipating! Satan is left speechless. Israel in the OT were scratching their heads like Satan was scratching his head.
Is 53: 4-5, 8, 10-12 “Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his stripes we are healed.” “By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off out of the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people?” “Yet it was the will of the LORD to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities. Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.”
this is the climax of the real in the OT. Real mercy came and comes today.
Jesus, the Real Means for Atonement
Jesus the Tabernacling presence of God
John 1:1, 14 “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” “And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.”

John 2:19-21 “destroy this temple and in three days i will raise it up...”
Jesus as the sacrifice: the substitute
John 2:29
Romans 3:24-26
1 John 4:10
Jesu as the priest and sacrifice
Heb 9:9-14 “(which is symbolic for the present age). According to this arrangement, gifts and sacrifices are offered that cannot perfect the conscience of the worshiper, but deal only with food and drink and various washings, regulations for the body imposed until the time of reformation.But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things that have come, then through the greater and more perfect tent (not made with hands, that is, not of this creation) he entered once for all into the holy places, not by means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption. For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the sprinkling of defiled persons with the ashes of a heifer, sanctify for the purification of the flesh, how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our conscience from dead works to serve the living God.”
(Hebrews 9:9–14 ESV)
In the OT, the Trajectory is set for One to come. He becomes the wrath appeaser.
Israel on Mission to the Nations
Israel’s Mission Reiterated (exod 19:4-6)
The basis for Israel’s mission (19:4)
Cov. w/ Israel
YWHW
Israel
Ex. 19: 2 “the mountain” we can call this “the mountain” b/c of Ex. 3:12--- come and worship God at the mountain. Now worship is going to happen, and what does worship look like according to God?
Ex. 19 “You yourselves have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles’ wings and brought you to myself. Now therefore, if you will indeed obey my voice and keep my covenant, you shall be my treasured possession among all peoples, for all the earth is mine; and you shall be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. These are the words that you shall speak to the people of Israel.””
(Exodus 19:4–6 ESV)
Dispensationalism grew out of a false assumption that the Bible teaches two types of salvation. old and new ways.
Basis for Israel’s mission: gracious redemption
The Means for Israel’s Mission: 19:5
means are to obey God: listen, keep commandments... it has to happen... “IF THIS HAPPENS...” then you will be. They are not a kingdom of priests unless they are acting like a kingdom of priests.
Grammatical Magic:
first three elements are all the IF, but then at vs. 6 there is a big signal that is a pronoun that is actually unnecessary: this is a distinction and we are to live as unique as a treasured possession --- live like that. when this is happening then missions begins to happen.
The Context for Israel’s mission 19:5
i’ve redeemed you, so if you do this, b/c all this is mine, then you will be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.
SIDE NOTE FOR GRAMMAR
deut 26:17-19
you have today confirmed the declaration of YHWH:
YWHW’s intention:
to be God to you
YHWH’s Expectations:
walk in his ways
keep statues
obey his voice
Yahweh has today confirmed your declaration:
Israel’s Intention:
To be a treasured possession for YHWH
To deep all his commands
Israel’s Expectation
To set Israel above the nations
to be holy to YHWH
The context is the whole earth, what is it about to be a holy nation? It is to draw all people of the world to the Lord. to be a witness to them all.
wash clothes, come up to edge of mountain, don’t have sexual intercourse.
Worship is about to happen: God shows up and fear strikes them, what does worship have to do with these three elements above?
every-day vs. holy and set-apart
three days no sexual intimacy: pause on the picture to anticipate the reality: marriage to the people? When God was in the camp, couldn’t engage in sexual relationships.
Does outward dress have anything to do with worship today: not a sin issue, but to have focus helped by your dress. We want un-distracting excellence.
Right at the heart of worship is receiving, the 10 words. We come ready to meet him with a right heart.
Israel, a Holy People
The Nature of Sanctification?
God says he is the one that sanctifies Israel, God calls Israel in exodus to a mission that will be fulfilled if they do those 3 things in Ex. 19.
Call/need for sanctification
An encounter with God > fear > holiness
Ex. 20:20 “God has come to test you, that the fear of him may be before you , hat you may not sin” Gen 22:1, 12.
Fear of fleeing, running from God... no not that kind of fear, and yet i don’t dread condemnation b/c i fear God, there is no fear of God before their eyes Romans 3. God creates holiness by revealing his Word in such a way that it creates fear. This is one of my prayers, gain a grand view of God, trembling at the reality of his bigness, and the reality of a need for mercy, the fear i have in his presence will drive me to holiness.
The Deuteronomic Pattern: Read > Hear > Fear > Do > Live (Deut. 4:10; 5:23-29; 6:1-2; 10:12-13; 17:19-20...)
Deut 31: 11-13 “when all Israel comes to appear before the LORD your God at the place that he will choose, you shall read this law before all Israel in their hearing. Assemble the people, men, women, and little ones, and the sojourner within your towns, that they may hear and learn to fear the LORD your God, and be careful to do all the words of this law, and that their children, who have not known it, may hear and learn to fear the LORD your God, as long as you live in the land that you are going over the Jordan to possess.””
(Deuteronomy 31:11–13 ESV)
Read > Hear > Fear > Do > Live
This what life is in the context of God. the obedience grows out of an internal reality first, fear brings about the obedience. You only fear in the context of the Word and that is what motivates you into holy living. Trusting his promises that he is indeed worth following and that he is believable.
this sets the stage for wrestling with what the difference is between old and new covenant.
The Old Cov. started with the Word and then responding with fear, soooo then what is the difference? How can Paul say that law was not of faith??? what is the Christian going to do with the OT law.
READ DEUTERONOMY PAPER

11-9-09

Monday, November 9, 2009

Exodus

Dr. D

1. God’s Jealous Name in Exodus
1. HYH “to be”
1. 3:14- HYH = I am
2. 3:15 YHWH = “He causes to be”
3. Pronunciation of YHWH
4. The Meaning of “Yahweh”
1. Nowhere else int he Bible is the verb “to be” used with the causative stem
2. God alone causes all things to be that are
3. Yahweh is God’s memorial name, never to be forgotten.
4. He is the causer, there is more to him than what we know, but we can know truly this God.
5. Never becoming like he is in every way, but eternally pursuing being like him and we will never reach being like him. More and more of our likeness to him will be developing.
2. Two Foundational Texts
3. “You shall tear down their altars and break their pillars and cut down their Asherim (for you shall worship no other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God), lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and when they whore after their gods and sacrifice to their gods and you are invited, you eat of his sacrifice, and you take of their daughters for your sons, and their daughters whore after their gods and make your sons whore after their gods.” (Exodus 34:13–16 ESV)
1. Connect jealousy factor and the name of God.
2. God’s passion to make known his name in exodus
1. Moses’ struglle with speech Exodus 4:11
1. “Then the LORD said to him, “Who has made man’s mouth? Who makes him mute, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? Is it not I, the LORD?” (Exodus 4:11 ESV)
1. We don’t get a name for pharaoh, this is part of the theology of exodus. To show that it is the name of God that matters and no one else.
2. The hardening of Pharaoh’s heart Ex. 4:21
1. “And the LORD said to Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you do before Pharaoh all the miracles that I have put in your power. But I will harden his heart, so that he will not let the people go.” (Exodus 4:21 ESV)
3. Before the Plagues Exodus 7;3-5
1. “But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, Pharaoh will not listen to you. Then I will lay my hand on Egypt and bring my hosts, my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great acts of judgment. The Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch out my hand against Egypt and bring out the people of Israel from among them.”” (Exodus 7:3–5 ESV)
1. There were battles of the gods in Egypt.
2. Spiritual warfare is real, let’s go to deut 13:1-4
1. They have some power, they have signs
2. if a prophet should come in and do massive signs of wonders, God is in charge of it and he is testing you.
3. YHWH is testing you to see what you will do.
4. This is a literary foil, God will come in and trump these magicians in order to show his ultimate authority.
4. Before the 7th plague Ex. 9:15-16
5. “For by now I could have put out my hand and struck you and your people with pestilence, and you would have been cut off from the earth. But for this purpose I have raised you up, to show you my power, so that my name may be proclaimed in all the earth.” Exodus 9:15–16 ESV)
6. Before 8th plauge Exod. 10:2
7. Before the 10th plague Exodus 11:9
8. COncerning the crossing of the sea Ex. 14:17-18
3. Israel and other’ response;
1. Before the Reed Sea: Exod. 14:13-14
2. After Egypt’s Destruction Ex. 15:3, 11, 18
3. Jethro’s response: gentile: Exod 18:10-11
4. The significance of God’s Disclosure
1. God alone is the causer of all
2. The God who causes all things to be is working for Israel
1. Opening Mouths Ex 4
2. Destroying enemies Ex 7-14
3. Providing food and water ex 16-18
4. Revealing his will Ex 19-24
5. Forgiving his people
5. Exodus 33:18-19; 34:6-7
1. “Moses said, “Please show me your glory.” And he said, “I will make all my goodness pass before you and will proclaim before you my name ‘The LORD.’ And I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy.” (Exodus 33:18–19 ESV)
2. “The LORD passed before him and proclaimed, “The LORD, the LORD, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness, keeping steadfast love for thousands,forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children and the children’s children, to the third and the fourth generation.”” (Exodus 34:6–7 ESV)
1. We need this God just as they needed this GOd.
6. The significance of God’s disclosure
1. God alone is the causer of all
2. The God who causes all things to be is workin for Israel
3. Because God is good, he is jealous: ex 34:14
4. “(for you shall worship no other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God),” (Exodus 34:14 ESV)
5. Because God is loving, he is jealous
1. Deut 4:32-35 ““For ask now of the days that are past, which were before you, since the day that God created man on the earth, and ask from one end of heaven to the other, whether such a great thing as this has ever happened or was ever heard of. Did any people ever hear the voice of a god speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and still live? Or has any god ever attempted to go and take a nation for himself from the midst of another nation, by trials, by signs, by wonders, and by war, by a mighty hand and an outstretched arm, and by great deeds of terror, all of which the LORD your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes? To you it was shown, that you might know that the LORD is God; there is no other besides him.” (Deuteronomy 4:32–35 ESV)
2. Ps. 16:11 “You make known to me the path of life; in your presence there is fullness of joy; at your right hand are pleasures forevermore.” (Psalms 16:11 ESV)
1. in difficulty, we try to trust the promises of God.
1. God’s passion for his own glory is his greatest love for us, and he holds tomorrow in his hands so don’t worry
2. There must be something to God leading you through this dessert so that you become more and more dependent on Jesus which is the most glorious and satisfying thing of all. For eternity you will look back and bring great glory to Jesus. Doesn’t take us out of the world so we can bring God the glory
3. 2 cor. pressed to the point where i thought that i was going to die, so that i wouldn’t trust in myself, but rather in God.
1. God was clearing me of my self-reliance through forcing me sooo sooo low, to be ultimately dependent.
2. the jealousy of God is all about his love for his people.
3. One Evangelical Response: Lessen the theological dilemma (walter kaiser jr.)
1. There are 10 places where it is said “God” hardened pharaoh’s heart (4:21, 7:3, 9:12, 10:1, 20, 27; 11:10; 14:4, 8, 17)
2. There are also 10 passages where it states either that pharaohs heart was hard (7:13, 14, 22; 8:19; 9:7, 35; 13:15) or that he hardened his heart (8:15, 32; 9:34).
3. God and pharaoh are both active agents.
4. He concludes: “thus the hardening is as much pharaoh’s own act as it is the work of God. Even more significant is the fact that Pharaoh aloe is the agent of the hardening in the first sign and tin the first five plagues. Not until the sixth plague.. is it stated that God actually moves in and hardens Pharaoh’s heart (9:12)”
1. At any point are we able to choose A or B b/c our hearts are bound by our greatest motivation, the state of our heart.
2. Is this the right conclusion?
1. HANDOUT 1/2 Sheet: Exodus 7:13 ““Still Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, as the LORD had said.” (Exodus 7:13 ESV)
3. Evaluation of Kaiser’s view:
1. True: egypt’s hostility against israel early in the oook ex 1 demands God’s punisment Gen 12:3
2. True: not until the 6th plague do we get an explicit statement that God hardened Pharaoh’s heart
3. However the narrator suggests immediat response to God’s earlier promises
1. Exod 4:21. >5:2, 7:2-5 “as Yahweh had said”
2. Comparable fulfillments statements: exod 7:22, 8:15, 19; 9:12, 35
3. God’s active hardening: 10:20, 27; 11:10; 14:4, 8, 17.
4. The hardening purposeful: 9:16, 11:9; 14:4, 17-18
4. Kaiser makes no comment on this phrase in his commentary!!!
4. Romans 9: b/c of election? how is that just of God, so he answers, no injustice with God, “ex 33” depends not on human will or exertion.
1. Ex 9:16 that I might show my power in you
2. name might be proclaimed in all the earth
3. mercy on whom he wills, hardens whom he wills.
4. How can God hold me or pharaoh responsible for the hardening? That is what Paul is responding to. You will say to me then, who can resist his will?
1. Responds, who are you oh man to answer back to God?
2. God has the right, won’t arrive there unless we’re tracking like we are tracking. Don’t ever consider God as one who doesn’t cause everything.
3. rather the question is: how can i have responsibility and he be the causer of all? This is the question, NOT, is he the causer of all. God I NEED YOU TO WORK IN MY HEART, I can’t move forward otherwise. We must consider his jealousy every day.
4. when God holds back his positive influence, sin will necessarily and naturally come to pass. Sin is not the positive result of anything God does, but rather when God withholds his influence. Curses and death are products of God’s withholding of his influence. Adam would not have been sustained unless God was sustaining him positively.
7. Sacred Space and the Gradations
1. HANDOUT!!!
2. Righteousness: He seemed to sweep sin under the rug.
1. Coming of Christ showed God as the justifier! His justice was in question, and it was fulfilled through Christ! None of us could stand in for each other. This passing over, was the sins of the remnant, Daniel and Ezekiel and so on.
8. Yahweh, the ONe who Provides a Penal Substitute
1. Atonement Defined
1. The process by which God purifies and re-consecrates his contaminated and desecrated Tabernacle and people by turning his wrath away from the sinner onto a substitute, thus restoring the relationship and right order.
2. Atonement is the saving act of God which according to Scripture makes possible, and in a sense constitutes, his redeeming and resotring work. It is the means by which his righteousness is re-established in a cosmic order marred temporally by rebellion against its Creator and King” (Yarbrough, “atonement” NDBT, 388)
1. Atonement is not just people and God but also human/God relationship in context, so land is included.
2. TWO MORE HANDOUTS
3. Two sides of Atonement
1. One view:::
2. Purification “was away and ransom”: shift in condition from unclean to clean
1. Does away with guilt of sin (expiation)
2. Satisfies an angry deity by giving payment for sin (propitiation)
3. Consecration: shift in status from common to holy - we owe everything to God; tribute